Good
Truthful
Just
Lawful
Fair
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Ethics.
" . .
. [J]ust means lawful and fair; and unjust means both unlawful
and unfair."1a
" . .
. [V]irtue ensures the correctness of the end at which we aim, and
prudence that of the means towards it."1b
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The
Old Testament.
"And God said, Let there be
light: and there was light.
And God saw the light, that it was good: and
God divided the light from the darkness."
[Genesis 1:3-4]1a*
"But of the tree of the
knowledge of good and evil, thou shall not eat of it: for
in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely
die." [Genesis 2:17]1b
"When I looked for good,
then evil came unto me: and when I waited for light,
there came darkness." [Job 30-26]1c
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The
New Testament.
"Ye shall know them by
their fruits. . .
[E]very good tree bringeth forth good fruit;
but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit."
[St. Matthew 7:16-18]1a*
"[Jesus] . . . said unto
them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man .
. .
The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall
gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them
which do iniquity;
And shall cast them into a furnace of fire . . .
Then shall the righteous shine forth . . . " [St. Matthew 13:37-43]1b
"But love ye your
enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for
nothing again; and your reward shall be great . . .
" [St. Luke 6:35]1c
" . . . [T]o him that knoweth
to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin."
[James 4:17]1d
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The
Koran.
"He that does a good deed
shall be repaid tenfold; but he that does evil shall be
rewarded only with evil." [The Heights 6:160]1a
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Groundwork of the
Metaphysic of Morals.
" . . . [Reason's] true function must
be to produce a will which is good, not as a
means to some further end, but in itself . . . "1a*
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The Philosophy of
History.
"This is the seal of the
absolute and sublime destiny of man - that he knows what is good and
what is evil; that his Destiny is his very ability
to will either good or evil . . . "1a*
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The
Origin of Species.
"Man
selects only for his own good . . . "1a
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The Myth of
the State.
"God
is a person - and that means a will. No mere logical
methods of arguing and reasoning can make us understand this will.
. . It is from God himself, from the revelation of his will,
not from dialectic, that man has to learn good and evil."1a
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*
Italics in the original.
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1
Aristotle.
The Ethics of
Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics. Translated
by J.A.K. Thomson, 1953. Revised with Notes and Appendices by Hugh
Tredennick, 1976. Introduction and Bibliography by Jonathan Barnes,
1976. London, England: Penguin Books Ltd.
a
Book V: Justice, at 172.
b
Book VI: Intellectual Virtues, at 222.
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1
The Holy Bible.
The Old Testament. King James Version. London, England: Collins'
Clear-Type Press, 1957.
a Genesis 1:3-4.
b Genesis 2:17.
c Job 30-26.
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1
The Holy Bible.
The New Testament. King James Version. London, England: Collins'
Clear-Type Press, 1957.
a St. Matthew 7:16-18.
b St.
Matthew 13:37-43.
c St.
Luke 6:35.
d James
4:17.
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1 The Koran.
Translated, with Notes, by N.J.
Dawood. N.J. Dawood, 1956,
1959, 1966, 1968, 1974, 1990, 1993. London, England: Penguin Books Ltd.
a The Heights 6:160.
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1 Immanuel Kant
(1724-1804).
Groundwork
of the Metaphysic of Morals
(1785).
Translated and Analyzed by H.J. Paton. New York, NY: Harper and Row,
Publishers, Incorporated. (Originally published under the title The
Moral Law, Hutchinson & Co., Ltd., London, 1948.)
a The function of reason, at 62-64.
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1 G. W. F. Hegel.
The
Philosophy of History.
Translated by J. Sibree. Prefaces by Charles Hegel and J. Sibree.
Introduction by C.J. Friedrich. New York, NY: Dover Publications,
Inc., 1956.
a Introduction, at 34.
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1 Charles Darwin
(1809-1882). The Origin of Species
(1859). In Darwin,
Philip
Appleman (ed.), 2nd ed., New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company,
Inc., 1970, 1979.
a Natural Selection; Or the Survival of the Fittest, at
56.
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1
Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945).
The
Myth of the State.
Yale University Press, 1946. Henry Cassirer and Anne Applebaum,
1974. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
a
The Religious and
Metaphysical Background of the Medieval Theory of the State, at
82.
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