Century |
Author |
|
|
|
Archaic |
Archaic Man |
16th-45th
B.C. |
Egyptians
(c. 4000 B.C.)
Sumero-Akkadians
(c. 3500 B.C.)
Canaanites (c. 3300 B.C.)
Aryans (c. 2000 B.C.)
Israelites (c. 2000 B.C.)
Assyro-Babylonians
(c. 1800 B.C.)
Abraham -- Abram
-- Ibrahim (c. 1800 B.C.)
Hammurabi (reigned 1795-1750 B.C.)
Phoenicians (c. 1600 B.C.)
Hittites (c. 1600 B.C.) |
6th-15th
B.C. |
Achenaten ™ Amenhotep IV,
Monotheistic
Pharaoh (c. 1362-1333 B.C.; 18th Dynasty)
Aramaeans
(c. 1300 B.C.)
Moses
-- Osarseph, Egyptian priest
(c. 1250 B.C.)
Vedic Sages
(c. 1200-900 B.C.)
Solomon
(ruled 961-922 B.C.)
Sanskrit Sages
(c. 800-400 B.C.)
Homer (ca. 850-800 B.C.)
Solon (c.
630-c. 560
B.C.)
Draco (Draco's
law code, c. 621 B.C.)
Thales (c. 624-c. 546 B.C.)
Lao-Tzu (c. 604-531 B.C.)
Sun Tzu (c.
600-500 B.C.)
Xenophanes (c. 570-c. 478 B.C.)
Pythagoras (569-475 B.C.)
Buddha
-- Siddhartha Gautama (c. 563-c. 483 B.C.)
Confucius
-- Master
Kong (551-479 B.C.)
Heraclitus
(c. 535-c. 475 B.C.)
Parmenides (b.
c. 515 B.C.)
Anaxagoras (c. 500-428 B.C.) |
1st-5th
B.C. |
Sophocles (c. 496-406 B.C.)
Empedocles (c. 495-c. 435 B.C.)
Gorgias, (c. 485-380
B.C.)
Herodotus (c. 484-c. 425 B.C.)
Socrates (469-399 B.C.)
Democritus (c. 460-c. 370 B.C.)
Hippocrates
(c. 460-c. 370 B.C.)
Thucydides
(c. 460 -c. 400 B.C.)
Decemviri -- The Twelve Tables (451-450 B.C. and 449 B.C.)
Xenophon (c. 428-c. 354 B.C.)
Plato (427-347 B.C.)
Diogenes (c. 412-323 B.C.)
Hecateus of Abdera (fourth-third century B.C.)
Manetho (3rd century B.C.)
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
Mencius
-- Master Meng (c. 370-290 B.C.)
Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.)
Epicurus (341-270 B.C.)
Zeno of Citium, (335-263 B.C.)
Euclid (c. 325-c. 265 B.C.)
Archimedes (287-212 B.C.)
Hipparchus
(190-120 B.C.)
Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 B.C.)
Caesar, Gaius Julius (100-44 B.C.)
Lucretius (c. 99-c. 55 B.C.)
Hillel (c. 70 B.C.-10 A.D.)
Diodorus, Siculus (first century B.C.)
Strabo (c. 64 B.C.-20 A.D.)
Livy (59 B.C.-17 A.D.)
Shammai (c. 50 B.C.-c. 30 A.D.)
Philo -- Philo Judaeus (ca. 20 B.C.-50 A.D.)
Christ,
Jesus (c. 4 B.C.-c. 30
A.D.)
Seneca, (4 B.C.-65 A.D.)
|
1st-5th
A.D. |
Apion (first century)
Josephus, Flavius (37-c. 95)
Plutarch (c. 45-c. 125)
Tacitus,
Publius Cornelius (c. 56-120)
Marcion (c. 84-160)
Ptolemy -- Claudius Ptolemaeus (c. 85-c. 165)
Justin Martyr, Saint (c. 100-c. 165)
Valentinus (c. 100-c. 160)
Irenaeus, Saint (ca. 120-203)
Aurelius,
Marcus (121-180)
Tatian (converted to Christianity, c. 150)
Celsus (Platonist; wrote True Doctrine, c.
178)
Origen -- Origenes Adamantius (c. 185-c. 254)
Plotinus (205-270)
Mani, (c. 216-c. 276)
Aphraates --
Aphrahat, "Persian Sage"
(c. 270-c. 345)
Ephrem the Syrian, Saint
™ Harp of
the Spirit (c. 306-373) [Orthodox monasticism]
Basil of
Caesarea -- Saint Basil the
Great (c. 329-379)
Gregory of Nazianzus,
Saint
(329-389) [Trinitarian Theology]
Gregory of Nyssa
(c. 335)
Ambrose,
Saint (c. 337-397)
Jerome (c. 342-419)
John Chrysostom
(349-c. 407)
Augustine of Hippo, Saint
-- Aurelius Augustinus (354-430)
Vatsyayana (4th to 6th centuries A.D.)
[Hindu Philosopher; Author of Kama Sutra] |
6th-10th |
Gregory Dialogus
--
Pope Gregory I --
Gregory the Great (540-604)
Mohammad,
The Prophet (c.
570-632)
Bede,
Saint --
Venerable Bede (672-735) [Historia ecclesiastica
gentis Anglorum]
Al-Khwarizmi, Abu Ja'far Muhammad
Ibn Musa (c.
780-c. 850)
Radbertus,
St. Paschasius (785-865) [Transubstantiation: Bread and wine
in Eucharist are Christ's flesh and blood]
Al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf Yakub
Ibn Ishaq (803-873)
Al-Farabi, Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad
Ibn
Tarkhan Ibn Awzalagh (870-950)
Saadia
Gaon --
Said al-Fayyumi (Jewish exilarch) (882-942)
Al-Mutanabbi (915-965)
Alhazen -- Ibn al-Haytham, Abu
Ali al-Hasan Ibn al-Hasan (965-c. 1040) [Analytic geometry;
optics; modern scientific method]
Al-Biruni,
Abu Raihan (973-1048)
Avicenna -- Abul Ali Al-Husayn
Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Sina (980-1037) |
11th-14th |
Anselm of
Canterbury (c. 1033-1109) [Proslogion:
Ontological proof of the existence of God]
Al-Khayyam,
Omar (1044-1123)
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad (1058-1111)
Averroës -- Abul-Waleed Muhammad ibn Rushd (1126-1198)
Maimonides -- Moses Ben Maimon
--
Abu Imran Musa ben Maimun Ibn Abd Allah (1135-1204)
Saladin -- Salah Al-Din
Al-Ayyubi (c. 1137-1193)
Al-Suhrawardi, Shihab Al-Din Yahya
(1154-1191) [Illuminationist philosophy]
Ibn al-Arabi, Muhyi al-Din (1164-1240)
Bacon, Roger (c. 1214-1294)
Aquinas, Saint Thomas (1225-1274)
Meister Eckhart -- Eckhart von Hochheim (c.
1260-c. 1328)
[Christian Theologian and Mystic]
Dante, Alighieri (1265-1321)
Ockham,
William of (c.1285-c. 1349)
Ibn
Khaldun, Abd Al-Rahman Abu Zayd
Ibn Muhammad
(1332-1406)
Gutenberg,
Johannes (c. 1400-1468) |
15th |
Sprenger, James (c. 1437-1495)
Kramer, Heinrich (died 1505)
Da Vinci, Leonardo (1452-1519)
Erasmus, Desiderius (c. 1466-1536)
Machiavelli, Niccol™ (1469-1527)
Copernicus, Nicholas (1473-1543)
More, Sir Thomas (1478-1535)
Luther, Martin (1483-1546)
Rabelais, François (c. 1494-1553) [Gargantua and
Pantagruel] |
16th |
Cardano,
Gerolamo -- Geronimo (1501-1576)
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de (1533-1592)
El Greco -- Doménikos Theotokópoulos (1541-1614)
Galileo, Galilei (1564-1642)
Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)
Kepler, Johannes (1571-1630)
Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679)
Descartes, René (1596-1650)
Velázquez, Diego
-- Diego Rodriguez de Silva
y Velázquez
(1599-1660) {Realism, Impressionism] |
17th |
Ferma,
Pierre de (1601-1665)
Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662)
Huygens, Christiaan (1629-1695)
Locke, John (1632-1704)
Lully, Jean-Baptiste (1632-1687)
Spinoza, Baruch -- Benedictus de (1632-1677)
Malebranche, Nicolas (1638-1715)
Racine, Jean (1639-1699)
Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727)
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von (1646-1716)
Vivaldi, Antonio Lucio (1678-1741)
Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750)
Berkeley, George (1685-1753)
Handel, George Frideric (1685-1759)
Montesquieu,
Charles Louis de Secondat (1689-1755)
Voltaire -- François Marie Arouet (1694-1778)
Bernoulli, Daniel (1700-1782) |
18th |
Franklin,
Benjamin (1706-1790)
Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, le
Compte de (1707-1788)
Euler,
Leonhard (1707-1783)
Hume, David (1711-1776)
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-1778)
Diderot, Denis (1713-1784) [Encyclopédie]
Smith, Adam (1723-1790)
Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804)
Burke, Edmund (1729-1797)
Washington, George (1732-1799)
Coulomb, Charles Augustin de
(1736-1806)
Lagrange, Comte Joseph Louis (1736-1813)
Watt, James E. (1736-1819)
Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)
Sade,
Donatien Alphonse François, Comte De (1740-1814)
Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826)
Herder, Johann Gottfried von (1744-1803)
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre
Antoine de Monet, le Chavalier (1744-1829)
Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio
Anastasio (1745-1827) [Battery]
Goya, Francisco
-- Francisco Jos�é de Goya y Lucientes
(1746-1828)
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832)
Madison,
James (1751-1836)
Hamilton, Alexander (1755-1804)
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791)
Schiller, Johann Christoph
Friedrich (1759-1805) [German
poet]
Fichte, Johann (1762-1814)
Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)
Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834)
Fourier, Baron Jean Baptiste Joseph (1768-1830)
Schleiermacher, Friedrich
Daniel Ernst (1768-1834)
Napoleon I -- Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
Beethoven, Ludvig van (1770-1827)
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831)
Ricardo, David (1772-1823)
Ampére, André Marie (1775-1836)
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775-1854)
Avogadro,
Armedeo (1776-1856)
Herbart, Johann Friedrich (1776-1841) [Pedagogy]
Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777-1855)
Gompertz, Benjamin (1779-1865)
Jomini,
Baron Antoine Henri de (1779-1869)
Clausewitz, Carl von (1780-1831)
Poisson, Siméon Denis (1781-1840)
Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788-1860)
Faraday, Michael (1791-1867)
Henry, Joseph (1791-1878)
Morse, Samuel Finley Breese (1791-1872)
Babbage, Charles (1792-1871)
Whewell, William (1794-1866) [Inductive Sciences]
Carnot, Sadi (1796-1832)
Comte, Auguste
-- Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte
(1798-1857) [Postivism, Sociology]
Balzac, Honoré de (1799-1850)
Moltke, Helmuth
Karl Bernhard, Graf Von (1800-1891) |
19th |
Fechner,
Gustav Theodor (1801-1887) [Psychophysics]
Hugo, Victor-Marie (1802-1885) [Romanticism]
Doppler,
Christian Johann (1803-1853)
Liebig, Baron Justus von (1803-1879)
Hamilton, Sir William Rowan (1805-1865)
Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri Cl™rel de (1805-1859)
Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873)
Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882)
Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849)
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865)
Chopin, Frédéric François (1810-1849)
Liszt, Franz (1811-1886)
Kierkegaard, Søren Aaby (1813-1855)
Verdi, Giuseppe (1813-1901)
Wagner, Richard (1813-1883)
Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich (1814-1876)
Mayer, Julius Robert von (1814-1878) [Conservation of
Energy] [Oxidation]
Boole, George (1815-1864)
Gobineau, Joseph Arthur, Comte de (1816-1882)
Siemens, Ernst Werner von (1816-1892)
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann
(1817-1881)
Thoreau, Henry David (1817-1862)
Joule, James P. (1818-1889)
Marx, Karl (1818-1883)
Engels, Friedrich (1820-1895)
Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903)
Baudelaire, Charles Pierre (1821-1867) [Symbolism]
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Michailovich (1821-1881)
Flaubert, Gustave (1821-1880) [Realism, Romanticism]
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von (1821-1894)
Mendel, Gregor Johann (1822-1884)
Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895)
Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel
(1822-1888)
Kelvin, Lord William
Thomson (1824-1907)
Moreau, Gustave (1826-1898) [Symbolism]
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard (1826-1866)
Tolstoy, Leo (1828-1910)
Maxwell, James Clerk (1831-1879)
Suess, Eduard (1831-1914)
[Continental Drift]
Manet, Édouard (1832-1883)
[Impressionism]
Wundt, Wilhelm Maximilian (1832-1920) [Structuralism]
Dilthey, Wilhelm (1833-1911)
Haeckel, Ernst (1834-1919)
Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich (1834-1907)
Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von
(1835-1917)
Carnegie,
Andrew (1835-1919)
Brentano, Franz Clemens
(1838-1917) [Phenomenology]
Peirce, Charles Sanders (1838-1914)
Cézanne, Paul (1839-1906) [Post-Impressionism]
Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839-1903)
Rockefeller, John Davison (1839-1937)
Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilitch -- Pyotr Ilyitch (1840-1893)
Zola, Émile (1840-1902) [Naturalism]
Le Bon, Gustave (1841-1931)
James,
William (1842-1910)
Anatole France
-- Jacques Anatole François Thibault
(1844-1924)
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844-1906)
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844-1900)
R�ntgen,
Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923) [Xrays]
Spitteler,
Carl Friedrich Georg (1845-1924)
[Prometheus and Epimetheus]
Westinghouse, George (1846-1914)
Bell, Alexander Graham (1847-1922)
Edison, Thomas Alva (1847-1931)
Frege, Friedrich Ludwig
Gottlob (1848-1925)
Gauguin, Paul
-- Eugéne Henri Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
[Post-Impressionism, Primitivism]
Pareto, Vilfredo (1848-1923)
Stumpf, Carl (1848-1936)
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich (1849-1936)
{Conditioning; Involuntary Reflex]
Berliner, Emile (1851-1929)
Ramón y Cajal,
Santiago (1852-1934) [Histology,
Pathology, Structure of the Brain]
Meinong, Alexius (1853-1920) [Theory of Objects]
Poincaré, Jules Henri (1854-1912)
Rimbaud, Jean Nicolas Arthur
(1854-1891)
Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939)
[Psychoanalysis]
Van Gogh, Vincent Willem (1853-1890) [Post-Impressionism,
Expressionism]
Taylor, Frederick Winslow (1856-1915)
Tesla, Nicola (1856-1943)
Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph (1857-1894)
Saussure, Ferdinand Mongin de
(1857-1913) [Linguistics]
Veblen, Thorstein Bunde (1857-1929)
Peano, Giuseppe (1858-1932)
Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858-1947)
Bergson, Henri (1859-1941)
Dewey, John (1859-1952)
Husserl, Edmund (1859-1938)
Seurat, Georges-Pierre (1859-1891) [Neo-Impressionism,
Modernism]
Herzl,
Theodor
-- Benjamin Ze�ev Herzl (1860-1904) [Journalist, Zionist]
Tagore,
Rabindranath -- Robindronath Ţhakur (1861-1941)
[Poetry, Literature, Philosophy]
Whitehead, Alfred North (1861-1947)
Gesell, Silvio (1862-1930)
Ford, Henry (1863-1947)
Munch, Edvard (1863-1944) [Symbolism, Expressionism]
Santayana,
George (1863-1952)
Signac, Paul Victor Jules (1863-1935) [Pointilism,
Neo-Impressionism]
Sombart,
Werner (1863--1941)
[Economics, Sociology]
Minkowski, Hermann (1864-1909)
Toulouse-Lautrec -- Henri Marie Raymond de
Toulouse-Lautrec Monfa (1864-1901) [Post-Impressionism, Art
Nouveau]
Weber, Max (1864-1920)
Steinmetz, Charles Proteus (1865-1923)
Kandinsky, Wassily (1866-1944) [Expressionism]
Morgan, Thomas Hunt (1866-1945)
[Cultural Heredity]
Curie, Marie -- Manja Sklodowska (1867-1934)
Titchener, Edward Bradford
(1867-1927) [Structuralism]
Wright, Wilbur (1867-1912)
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand
™ Mahatma (1869-1948)
Gide, André Paul Guillaume (1869-1951)
Matisse, Henri (1869-1954)
{Fauvism, Modernism]
Adler, Alfred (1870-1937) [Individual psychology
inferiority complex]
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924)
Rutherford,
Ernest (1871-1937)
Wright, Orville (1871-1948)
Mauss, Marcel (1872-1950) [Ethnology]
Russell, Bertrand Arthur William (1872-1970)
Trotter, Wilfred Batten
Lewis (1872-1939) [Neurosurgery; Social Psychology, Herd
Instinct]
Moore, George Edward (1873-1958)
Cassirer, Ernst (1874-1945)
Jung, Carl (1875-1961)
Schweitzer, Albert (1875-1965)
Kettering, Charles Franklin (1876-1958)
Buber, Martin (1878-1965)
Lukasiewicz, Jan (1878-1956) {Multivalued
Logic]
Meitner, Lise
(1878-1968)
Watson, John Broadus (1878-1958)
[Behaviorism]
Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
Hahn, Otto (1879-1968)
Bleyl, Fritz
™ Hilmar
Friedrich Wilhelm Bleyl (1880-1966) [Expressionism]
Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig (1880-1938) [Expressionism]
Spengler, Oswald (1880-1936)
Wertheimer, Max (1880-1943)
[Gestalt Psychology]
Picasso, Pablo
--
Pablo
Ruiz y Picasso (1881-1973) [Cubism]
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
(1881-1955)
Braque, Georges (1882-1963)
[Cubism]
Goddard, Robert H. (1882-1945)
Feder,
Gottfried (1883-1941)
Gibran, Gibran Kahlil (1883-1931)
Heckel, Erich (1883-1970) [Expressionism]
Jaspers, Karl Theodor (1883-1969)
Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois (1883-1950)
Rottluff, Karl Schmidt (1884-1976) [Expressionism]
Bohr, Niels
(1885-1962)
Pound, Ezra Weston Loomis (1885-1972)
Koffka, Kurt (1886-1941)
[Gestalt
Psychology]
Köhler,
Wolfgang (1887-1967)
[Gestalt
Psychology]
Schrödinger, Irwin (1887-1961)
De Chirico, Giorgio (1888-1978)
Eliot, Thomas Stearns (1888-1965)
Heidegger, Martin (1889-1976)
Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945)
Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1889-1975)
Wittgenstein, Ludwig Joseph Johan (1889-1951)
Wright, Sewall Green
(1889-1988) [Genetics]
Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer
(1890-1962) [Statistics; Genetics;
Evolutionary Biology]
Bernays,
Edward Louis (1891-1995)
[Propaganda; Public Relations, Public Opinion; Spin]
Carnap, Rudolph (1891-1970)
Ernst, Max
(1891-1976)
Haldane,
John Burdon Sanderson (1892-1964) [Genetics; Evolutionary
Biology] Miró, Joan --
Joan Miró i Ferrà (1893-1983)
Zedong,
Mao Tse-tung (1893-1976)
Dooyeweerd,
Herman (1894-1977)
[Cosmonomic Philosophy; Theory of Aspects]
Wiener, Norbert (1894-1964)
[Cybernetics]
Breton, André
(1896-1966) [Surrealism]
Bataille, George (1897-1962)
Magritte, Ren� Fran�ois Ghislain
(1898-1967)
Hayek, Friedrich August von (1899-1992)
Deming, William
Edwards (1900-1993)
Fromm, Erich (1900-1980)
Pauli, Wolfgang
(1900-1958)
Saint Exupéry, Antoine Jean-Baptiste Marie Roger de
(1900-1944) [The Little Prince] |
20th |
Fermi,
Enrico (1901-1954)
Heisenberg, Werner
Karl (1901-1976)
Lacan, Jacques-Marie-Émile
(1901-1981)
Malraux, André (1901-1976)
Pauling, Linus C. (1901-1994)
Van de Graaff, Robert Jemison (1901-1967)
Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice (1902-1984)
Popper, Sir Karl Raymund (1902-1994)
Tarski,
Alfred
™ Alfred Teitelbaum (1902-1983) {Metamathematics,
Semantics]
Wigner, Eugene Paul (1902-1995)
Adorno, Theodor Weisengrund (1903-1969)
Darlington, Cyril Dean (1903-1981)
Kolmogorov, Andrei Nikolaevich
(1903-1987)
Lorenz, Konrad (1903-1989)
Orwell, George
-- Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950)
Von Neumann,
John (1903-1957)
Dali, Salvador -- Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto
Dal� i Dom�nech (1904-1989)
Lonergan, Bernard Joseph Francis (1904-1984)
Oppenheimer, J. Robert (1904-1967)
Skinner, Burrhus Frederic
(1904-1990) [Behaviorism]
Rand, Ayn
-- Alyssa
Rosenbaum (1905-1982)
Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905-1980)
Segré, Emilio Gino (1905-1989)
Arendt, Hannah (1906-1975)
Delbr�ck, Max (1906-1981) [Molecular Biology;
Genes]
Bethe, Hans Albrecht (b. 1906)
Carlson, Chester Floyd (1906-1968)
Gödel, Kurt (1906-1978)
Mayer, Maria Goeppert (1906-1972)
Hyppolite,
Jean (1907-1968)
Yukawa, Hideki
(1907-1981)
Galbraith, John Kenneth
(1908-2006)
Lévi-Strauss,
Claude (1908-2009)
Merleau-Ponti, Maurice
(1908-1961)
Quine, Willard Van Orman (b. 1908)
Teller, Edward (1908-2003)
Drucker, Peter Ferdinand (b. 1909)
Land, Edwin Herbert (1909-1991)
Wheeler, John Archibald
(1911-2008) [Nuclear Fission; S-Matrix; Black Holes]
Braun, Werner von (1912-1977)
Friedman, Milton (1912-2006)
Turing, Alan Mathison (1912-1954)
Camus,
Albert (1913-1960)
Ricoeur, Paul (b. 1913)
Masters, William Howell
(1915-2001)
Medawar,
Sir Peter Brian (1915-1987)
Crick, Francis Harry Compton (1916-2004)
Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick (1916-2004)
Bohm, David (1917-1992)
Goode, William Josiah
(1917-2003)
Lindblom, Charles Edward (b. 1917)
Feynman, Richard Phillips (1918-1988)
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander
(1918-2008)
Bunge, Mario (b.
1919)
Trudeau, Pierre
Elliott (1919-2000)
John Paul II,
Pope -- Karol Józef Wojtyla (1920-2005)
Smith, John
Maynard (1920-2004) [Genetics; Evolutionary Biology; Game
Theory; Evolutionary Stable Strategy]
Rawls, John (1921-2002)
Price, George R. (1922-1975)
[Biology; Game Theory; Evolutionary Stable Strategy;
Altruism]
Zinn, Howard
(1922-2010)
Feyerabend, Paul Karl (1924-1994)
Lyotard, Jean-François (b. 1924)
Raiffa,
Howard (b. 1924)
Deleuze, Gilles (1925-1995)
Johnson, Virginia Eshelman (b.
1925)
Bromley, David Allan (1926-2005)
Foucault, Michel (1926-1984)
Benedict XVI,
Pope -- Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (b. 1927)
Noyce, Robert N. (1927-1989)
Chomsky, Noam (b. 1928)
Guevara,
Che
-- Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (1928-1967)
Watson,
James Dewey (b. 1928)
Baudrillard, Jean (1929-2007)
Derrida, Jacques
(1929-2004)
Gell-Man, Murray
(b. 1929)
King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968)
Guattari,
Felix (1930-1992)
[Psychoanalysis-Philosophy]
Soros, George (b. 1930)
Debord, Guy
Ernest (1931-1994) [Situationist International]
Penrose,
Sir Roger (b. 1931)
Rorty, Richard (b. 1931)
Penzias, Arno Allan (b. 1933)
Nader,
Ralph (b. 1934)
Said, Edward W. (b. 1935)
Hamilton, William Donald
(1936-2000) [Evolutionary Biology]
Suzuki, David
Takayochi (b. 1936)
Badiou, Alain (b. 1937)
Nozick, Robert (b. 1938)
Dawkins, Clinton Richard
(b. 1941) {Ethology; Evolutionary Biology; Memetics]
Hawking, Stephen
William (b. 1942)
Gingrich, Newton Leroy "Newt"
(b. 1943) [58th
Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives]
Pagels,
Elaine Hiesey (b. 1943)
Schäfer, Peter (b. 1943)
Trivers, Robert (b. 1943)
[Evolutionary Biologist; Sociobiologist; Reciprocal
Altruism]
Zerzan, John (b. 1943)
Ayoub, Edward Elie
(b. 1945)
Tipler, Frank J. (b.
1947)
Zizek,
Slavoj (b. 1949)
[Philosophy; Psychoanalysis]
Scharper, Stephen
Bede (b. 1960)
Ferguson,
Niall Campbell Douglas (b. 1964)
[Financial/Economic History]
Stanford,
Jim (b. 1961) [Economist,
Canadian Auto Workers] |
|
|
Alphabetical
List |
|
|
|
A |
Abraham
-- Abram -- Ibrahim
(c. 1800 B.C.)
Achenaten --
Amenhotep IV,
Monotheistic
Pharaoh (c. 1362-1333 B.C.; 18th Dynasty)
Adler, Alfred (1870-1937) [Individual psychology
inferiority complex]
Adorno,
Theodor Weisengrund (1903-1969)
Al-Biruni,
Abu Raihan (973-1048)
Al-Farabi, Abu Nasr Muhammad
Ibn Muhammad Ibn
Tarkhan ibn Awzalagh (870-950)
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad (1058-1111)
Al-Khayyam, Omar (1044-1123)
Al-Khwarizmi,
Abu Ja'far Muhammad Ibn Musa (c. 780-c. 850)
Al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf Yakub
Ibn Ishaq (803-873)
Al-Mutanabbi (915-965)
Al-Suhrawardi, Shihab Al-Din Yahya
(1154-1191) [Illuminationist philosophy]
Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.)
Alhazen -- Ibn al-Haytham, Abu
Ali al-Hasan Ibn al-Hasan (965-c. 1040) [Analytic geometry;
optics; modern scientific method]
[See Ibn al-Haytham]
Ambrose,
Saint (c. 337-397)
Ampére,
André Marie (1775-1836)
Anatole France -- Jacques Anatole François Thibault
(1844-1924)
Anaxagoras (c. 500-428 B.C.)
Anselm of Canterbury
(c. 1033-1109) [Proslogion: Ontological proof of the
existence of God]
Aphraates --
Aphrahat, "Persian Sage"
(c. 270-c. 345)
Apion (first century)
Apollonius Molon (first century B.C.)
Aquinas, Saint Thomas (1225-1274)
Archimedes (287-212 B.C.)
Arendt, Hannah (1906-1975)
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
Augustine of Hippo, Saint
-- Aurelius Augustinus (354-430)
Aurelius, Marcus (121-180)
Averroës -- Abul-Waleed Muhammad ibn Rushd (1126-1198)
Avogadro,
Armedeo (1776-1856)
Avicenna -- Abul Ali Al-Husayn ibn Abd Allah
Ibn Sina (980-1037)
Ayoub, Edward Elie (b. 1945) |
B |
Babbage,
Charles (1792-1871)
Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750)
Bacon, Roger (c. 1214-1294)
Badiou, Alain (b. 1937)
Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von
(1835-1917)
Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich (1814-1876)
Balzac, Honor™ de (1799-1850)
Baudelaire, Charles Pierre (1821-1867) [Symbolism]
Baudrillard, Jean (1929-2007)
Basil of Caesarea
--Saint Basil the Great
(c. 329-379)
Bataille, George (1897-1962)
Baudelaire, Charles Pierre (1821-1867) [Symbolism]
Bede,
Saint --
Venerable Bede (672-735) [Historia ecclesiastica
gentis Anglorum]
Beethoven, Ludvig van (1770-1827)
Bell, Alexander Graham (1847-1922)
Benedict XVI,
Pope -- Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (b. 1927)
Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832)
Bergson, Henri (1859-1941)
Berkeley, George (1685-1753)
Berliner, Emile (1851-1929)
Bernays,
Edward Louis (1891-1995)
[Propaganda; Public Relations, Public Opinion; Spin]
Bernoulli, Daniel (1700-1782)
Bethe, Hans Albrecht (b. 1906)
Bleyl, Fritz -- Hilmar
Friedrich Wilhelm Bleyl (1880-1966) [Expressionism]
Bohm, David (1917-1992)
Bohr, Niels (1885-1962)
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844-1906)
Boole, George (1815-1864)
Braque, Georges (1882-1963)
[Cubism]
Braun, Werner von (1912-1977)
Brecht, Bertolt (1898-1956)
Brentano, Franz Clemens
(1838-1917) [Phenomenology]
Breton, Andr™
(1896-1966) [Surrealism]
Broglie, Louis Victor de (1892-1987)
Bromley, David Allan (1926-2005)
Buber, Martin (1878-1965)
Buddha
-- Siddhartha Gautama (c. 563-c. 483 B.C.)
Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, le
Compte de (1707-1788)
Bunge, Mario (b.
1919)
Burke, Edmund (1729-1797) |
C |
Caesar,
Gaius Julius (100-44 B.C.)
Camus,
Albert (1913-1960)
Cardano, Gerolamo -- Geronimo (1501-1576)
Carlson, Chester Floyd (1906-1968)
Carnap,
Rudolph (1891-1970)
Carnegie,
Andrew (1835-1919)
Carnot, Sadi (1796-1832)
Cassirer, Ernst (1874-1945)
Celsus (Platonist; wrote True Doctrine, c.
178)
Cézanne, Paul (1839-1906) [Post-Impressionism]
Chomsky, Noam (b. 1928)
Chopin, Frédéric François (1810-1849)
Christ,
Jesus
Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 B.C.)
Clausewitz, Carl von (1780-1831)
Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel
(1822-1888)
Confucius
-- Master
Kong (551-479 B.C.)
Coulomb, Charles Augustin de
(1736-1806)
Copernicus, Nicholas (1473-1543)
Crick, Francis Harry Compton (1916-2004)
Curie, Marie -- Manja Sklodowska (1867-1934) |
D |
Da
Vinci, Leonardo (1452-1519)
Dali, Salvador -- Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto
Dal� i Dom�nech (1904-1989)
Dante, Alighieri (1265-1321)
Darlington, Cyril Dean (1903-1981)
[Chromosomes]
Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882)
Dawkins, Clinton Richard
(b. 1941) {Ethology; Evolutionary Biology; Memetics]
Debord, Guy
Ernest (1931-1994) [Situationist International]
De Chirico, Giorgio (1888-1978)
De Vries,
Hugo (1848-1935) [Mutation]
Decemviri
-- The Twelve Tables (451-450 B.C. and 449
B.C.)
Delbr�ck, Max (1906-1981) [Molecular Biology;
Genes]
Deleuze, Gilles (1925-1995)
Deming, William
Edwards (1900-1993)
Democritus (c. 460-c. 370 B.C.)
Derrida, Jacques
(1929-2004)
Descartes, René (1596-1650)
Dewey, John (1859-1952)
Diderot, Denis (1713-1784) [Encyclop™die]
Dilthey, Wilhelm (1833-1911)
Diodorus, Siculus (first century B.C.)
Diogenes (c. 412-323 B.C.)
Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice (1902-1984)
Dooyeweerd,
Herman (1894-1977)
[Cosmonomic Philosophy; Theory of Aspects]
Doppler, Christian Johann (1803-1853)
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Michailovich (1821-1881)
Draco (Draco's
law code, c. 621 B.C.)
Drucker, Peter Ferdinand (b. 1909) |
E |
Meister Eckhart ™ Eckhart von Hochheim (c. 1260-c. 1328) [Christian Theologian
and Mystic]
Edison,
Thomas Alva (1847-1931)
Egyptians
(c. 4000 B.C.)
El Greco -- Doménikos Theotokópoulos (1541-1614)
Eliot, Thomas Stearns (1888-1965)
Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
Empedocles (c. 495-c. 435 B.C.)
Engels, Friedrich (1820-1895)
Ephrem the Syrian, Saint -- Harp of
the Spirit (c. 306-373) [Orthodox
monasticism]
Epicurus (341-270 B.C.)
Erasmus, Desiderius (c. 1466-1536)
Ernst, Max
(1891-1976)
Euclid (c. 325-c. 265 B.C.)
Euler, Leonhard (1707-1783) |
F |
Faraday,
Michael (1791-1867)
Fechner,
Gustav Theodor (1801-1887) [Psychophysics]
Feder,
Gottfried (1883-1941)
Ferguson,
Niall Campbell Douglas (b. 1964)
[Financial/Economic History]
Ferma, Pierre de (1601-1665)
Fermi,
Enrico (1901-1954)
Feyerabend, Paul Karl (1924-1994)
Feynman, Richard Phillips (1918-1988)
Fichte, Johann (1762-1814)
Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer
(1890-1962) [Statistics; Genetics;
Evolutionary Biology]
Flaubert, Gustave (1821-1880) [Realism, Romanticism]
Ford, Henry (1863-1947)
Foucault, Michel (1926-1984)
Fourier, Baron Jean
Baptiste Joseph (1768-1830)
Franklin, Benjamin (1706-1790)
Frege, Friedrich Ludwig
Gottlob (1848-1925)
Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939)
[Psychoanalysis]
Friedman, Milton (1912-2006)
Fromm, Erich (1900-1980) |
G |
Galbraith, John Kenneth
(1908-2006)
Galileo, Galilei (1564-1642)
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand
-- Mahatma (1869-1948)
Gauguin, Paul -- Eugéne Henri Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
[Post-Impressionism, Primitivism]
Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777-1855)
Gell-Man, Murray (b. 1929)
Gorgias, (c.
485-380 B.C.)
Gesell, Silvio (1862-1930)
Ghent, William
James
Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839-1903)
Gibran, Gibran Kahlil (1883-1931)
Gide, André Paul Guillaume (1869-1951)
Gingrich,
Newton Leroy "Newt"
(b. 1943) [58th Speaker of the U.S. House of
Representatives]
Gobineau, Joseph Arthur, Comte de (1816-1882)
Goddard, Robert H. (1882-1945)
G�del, Kurt (1906-1978)
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832)
Gompertz, Benjamin (1779-1865)
Comte, Auguste -- Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte
(1798-1857) [Postivism, Sociology]
Goode, William Josiah
(1917-2003)
Goya, Francisco -- Francisco Jos� de Goya y Lucientes
(1746-1828)
Gregory Dialogus
--
Pope Gregory I --
Gregory the Great (540-604)
Gregory of Nazianzus,
Saint
(329-389) [Trinitarian Theology]
Gregory of Nyssa
(c. 335)
Guattari,
Felix (1930-1992)
[Psychoanalysis-Philosophy]
Guevara,
Che
-- Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (1928-1967)
Gutenberg, Johannes (c. 1400-1468) |
H |
Haeckel, Ernst (1834-1919)
Hahn,
Otto (1879-1968)
Haldane,
John Burdon Sanderson (1892-1964) [Genetics; Evolutionary
Biology]
Hamilton,
Alexander (1755-1804)
Hamilton, Sir William Rowan (1805-1865)
Hamilton, William Donald
(1936-2000) [Evolutionary Biology]
Hammurabi (reigned 1795-1750 B.C.)
Handel, George Frideric (1685-1759)
Hawking, Stephen William (b. 1942)
Hayek, Friedrich August von (1899-1992)
Hecateus of Abdera (fourth-third century B.C.)
Heckel, Erich (1883-1970) [Expressionism]
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831)
Heidegger, Martin (1889-1976)
Heisenberg, Werner
Karl (1901-1976)
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von (1821-1894)
Henry, Joseph (1791-1878)
Heraclitus
(c. 535-c. 475 B.C.)
Herbart, Johann Friedrich
(1776-1841) [Pedagogy]
Herder, Johann Gottfried von (1744-1803)
Herodotus (c. 484-c. 425 B.C.)
Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph (1857-1894)
Herzl,
Theodor --
Benjamin Ze�ev Herzl (1860-1904)
[Journalist, Zionist]
Hillel (c. 70 B.C.-10 A.D.)
Hippocrates
(c. 460-c. 370 B.C.)
Hipparchus
(190-120 B.C.)
Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945)
Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679)
Homer (ca. 850-800 B.C.)
Hugo, Victor-Marie (1802-1885) [Romanticism]
Huygens, Christiaan (1629-1695)
Hume, David (1711-1776)
Husserl, Edmund (1859-1938)
Huxley, Aldous Leonard (1894-1963)
Hyppolite,
Jean (1907-1968) |
I |
Ibn
Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman Abu Zayd Ibn Muhammad (1332-1406)
Ibn al-Arabi, Muhyi al-Din (1164-1240)
Ibn al-Haytham, Abu Ali al-Hasan
Ibn al-Hasan (965-c. 1040) [Analytic geometry; optics;
modern scientific method] [See Alhazen]
Irenaeus,
Saint (ca. 120-203) |
J |
James,
William (1842-1910)
Jaspers, Karl Theodor (1883-1969)
Jay,
John (1745-1829)
Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826)
Jerome (c. 342-419)
Jomini,
Baron Antoine Henri de (1779-1869)
Joule, James P. (1818-1889)
John Chrysostom
(349-c. 407)
John Paul II,
Pope -- Karol J�zef Wojtyła (1920-2005)
Johnson, Virginia Eshelman (b.
1925)
Josephus, Flavius (37-c. 95)
Jung, Carl (1875-1961)
Justin Martyr, Saint (c. 100-c. 165) |
K |
Kelvin, Lord William Thomson
(1824-1907)
Kandinsky, Wassily (1866-1944) [Expressionism]
Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804)
Kepler, Johannes (1571-1630)
Kettering, Charles Franklin (1876-1958)
Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)
Kierkegaard, Søren Aaby (1813-1855)
King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968)
Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig (1880-1938) [Expressionism]
Klee, Paul (1879-1940) [
Koffka, Kurt (1886-1941)
[Gestalt
Psychology]
Köhler,
Wolfgang (1887-1967)
[Gestalt
Psychology]
Kolmogorov, Andrei Nikolaevich
(1903-1987)
Kramer, Heinrich (died 1505) |
L |
Lacan, Jacques-Marie-Émile
(1901-1981)
Lagrange,
Comte Joseph Louis (1736-1813)
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre
Antoine de Monet, le Chavalier (1744-1829)
Land, Edwin Herbert (1909-1991)
Lao-Tzu (c. 604-531 B.C.)
Laplace, Marquis Pierre Simon de (1749-1827)
Le Bon, Gustave (1841-1931)
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von (1646-1716)
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924)
Lévi-Strauss,
Claude (1908-2009)
Liebig, Baron Justus von (1803-1879)
Lindblom, Charles Edward (b. 1917)
Liszt, Franz (1811-1886)
Livy (59 B.C.-17 A.D.)
Locke, John (1632-1704)
Lonergan, Bernard Joseph Francis (1904-1984)
Lorenz, Konrad (1903-1989)
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann
(1817-1881)
Lucretius, (c.
99-c. 55 B.C.)
Lukasiewicz, Jan (1878-1956) {Multivalued
Logic]
Lully, Jean-Baptiste (1632-1687)
Luther, Martin (1483-1546)
Lyotard, Jean-François (b. 1924) |
M |
Machiavelli, Niccol™ (1469-1527)
Madison,
James (1751-1836)
Magritte, Ren� Fran�ois Ghislain
(1898-1967)
Maimonides -- Moses Ben Maimon
--
Abu Imran Musa ben Maimun ibn Abd Allah (1135-1204)
Malebranche, Nicolas (1638-1715)
Malraux, André (1901-1976)
Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834)
Manet, Édouard (1832-1883) [Impressionism]
Manetho (3rd century B.C.)
Mani (c. 216-c. 276)
Mauss, Marcel (1872-1950) [Ethnology]
Marcion (c. 84-160)
Marcuse, Herbert (1898-1979)
Masters, William Howell
(1915-2001)
Marx, Karl (1818-1883)
Matisse, Henri (1869-1954)
{Fauvism, Modernism]
Maxwell, James Clerk (1831-1879)
Mayer, Julius Robert von (1814-1878) [Conservation of
Energy] [Oxidation]
Mayer, Maria Goeppert (1906-1972)
Medawar,
Sir Peter Brian (1915-1987)
Meinong,
Alexius (1853-1920) [Theory of Objects]
Meitner, Lise (1878-1968)
Mencius
-- Master Meng (c. 370-290 B.C.)
Mendel, Gregor Johann (1822-1884)
Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich (1834-1907)
Merleau-Ponti, Maurice
(1908-1961)
Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873)
Minkowski, Hermann (1864-1909)
Miró, Joan --
Joan Miró i Ferrà (1893-1983)
Mohammad,
The Prophet (c
570-632)
Moltke, Helmuth
Karl Bernhard, Graf Von (1800-1891)
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de (1533-1592)
Montesquieu,
Charles Louis de Secondat (1689-1755)
Moreau, Gustave (1826-1898) [Symbolism]
Morgan, Thomas Hunt (1866-1945)
[Cultural Heredity]
Moore, George Edward (1873-1958)
More, Sir Thomas (1478-1535)
Morse, Samuel Finley Breese (1791-1872)
Moses
-- Osarseph, Egyptian priest (c. 1250 B.C.)
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791)
Mumford, Lewis (1895-1990)
Munch, Edvard (1863-1944) [Symbolism, Expressionism]
|
N |
Nader,
Ralph (b. 1934)
Napoleon I -- Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727)
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844-1900)
Noyce, Robert N. (1927-1989)
Nozick, Robert (b. 1938) |
O |
Ockham,
William of (c.1285-c. 1349)
Oppenheimer, J. Robert (1904-1967)
Origen -- Origenes Adamantius (c. 185-c. 254)
Orwell, George -- Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950) |
P |
Pagels,
Elaine Hiesey (b. 1943)
Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)
Pareto, Vilfredo (1848-1923)
Parmenides (b.
c. 515 B.C.)
Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662)
Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895)
Pauli, Wolfgang (1900-1958)
Pauling, Linus C. (1901-1994)
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich (1849-1936)
{Conditioning; Involuntary Reflex]
Peano, Giuseppe (1858-1932)
Peirce, Charles Sanders (1838-1914)
Penrose,
Sir Roger (b. 1931)
Penzias, Arno Allan (b. 1933)
Philo -- Philo Judaeus (ca. 20 BC-50 AD)
Picasso, Pablo --
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso (1881-1973) [Cubism]
Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858-1947)
Plato (427-347 B.C.)
Plotinus (205-270)
Plutarch (c. 45-c. 125)
Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849)
Poincaré, Jules Henri (1854-1912)
Poisson, Siméon Denis (1781-1840)
Popper, Sir Karl Raymund (1902-1994)
Pound, Ezra Weston Loomis (1885-1972)
Price, George R. (1922-1975)
[Biology; Game Theory; Evolutionary Stable Strategy;
Altruism]
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865)
Proust, Marcel -- Valentin Louis Georges Eugéne Marcel
Proust (1871-1922) [Modernism]
Ptolemy -- Claudius Ptolemaeus (c. 85-c. 165)
Pythagoras (569-475 B.C.) |
Q |
Quine,
Willard Van Orman (b. 1908) |
R |
Rabelais,
François (c. 1494-1553) [Gargantua and Pantagruel]
Racine, Jean (1639-1699)
Radbertus, St. Paschasius
(785-865) [Transubstantiation: Bread and wine in Eucharist
are Christ's flesh and blood]
Raiffa,
Howard (b. 1924)
Ramón y Cajal,
Santiago (1852-1934) [Histology,
Pathology, Structure of the Brain]
Rand, Ayn -- Alyssa Rosenbaum (1905-1982)
Rawls, John (1921-2002)
Ricardo, David (1772-1823)
Ricoeur, Paul (b. 1913)
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard (1826-1866)
Rimbaud, Jean Nicolas Arthur
(1854-1891)
Rockefeller, John Davison (1839-1937)
R�ntgen,
Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923) [Xrays]
Rorty, Richard (b. 1931)
Rottluff, Karl Schmidt (1884-1976) [Expressionism]
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-1778)
Russell, Bertrand Arthur William (1872-1970)
Rutherford, Ernest (1871-1937) |
S |
Saadia
Gaon ™ Said al-Fayyumi (Jewish
exilarch) (882-942)
Sade,
Donatien Alphonse François, Comte De (1740-1814)
Said,
Edward W. (b. 1935)
Saint Exupéry, Antoine Jean-Baptiste Marie Roger de
(1900-1944) [The Little Prince]
Saladin -- Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi (c. 1137-1193)
Sanskrit Sages
(c. 800-400 B.C.)
Santayana,
George (1863-1952)
Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905-1980)
Saussure, Ferdinand Mongin de
(1857-1913) [Linguistics]
Schäfer, Peter (b. 1943)
Scharper, Stephen
Bede (b. 1960)
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775-1854)
Schiller, Johann Christoph
Friedrich (1759-1805) [German
poet]
Schleiermacher, Friedrich
Daniel Ernst (1768-1834)
Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788-1860)
Schrödinger, Irwin (1887-1961)
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois (1883-1950)
Schweitzer, Albert (1875-1965)
Segré, Emilio Gino (1905-1989)
Seneca, (4 B.C.-65 A.D.)
Seurat, Georges-Pierre (1859-1891) [Neo-Impressionism,
Modernism]
Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)
Shammai (c. 50 B.C.-c. 30 A.D.)
Siemens, Ernst Werner von (1816-1892)
Signac, Paul Victor Jules (1863-1935) [Pointilism,
Neo-Impressionism]
Skinner, Burrhus Frederic
(1904-1990) [Behaviorism]
Smith, Adam (1723-1790)
Smith, John
Maynard (1920-2004) [Genetics; Evolutionary Biology; Game
Theory; Evolutionary Stable Strategy]
Solomon
(ruled 961-922 B.C.)
Solon (c.
630-c. 560
B.C.)
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander
(1918-2008)
Sombart,
Werner (1863--1941)
[Economics, Sociology]
Sophocles (c. 496-406 B.C.)
Soros, George (b. 1930)
Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903)
Spengler, Oswald (1880-1936)
Spinoza, Baruch -- Benedictus de (1632-1677)
Spitteler,
Carl Friedrich Georg (1845-1924)
[Prometheus and Epimetheus]
Sprenger, James (c. 1437-1495)
Stanford,
Jim (b. 1961) [Economist,
Canadian Auto Workers]
Steinmetz, Charles Proteus (1865-1923)
Strabo (c. 64 B.C.-20 A.D.)
Stumpf, Carl (1848-1936)
Suess, Eduard (1831-1914)
[Continental Drift]
Sun Tzu (c.
600-500 B.C.)
Suzuki, David
Takayochi (b. 1936) |
T |
Tacitus,
Publius Cornelius (c. 56-120)
Tagore,
Rabindranath -- Robindronath Ţhakur (1861-1941)
[Poetry, Literature, Philosophy]
Tarski,
Alfred (1902-1983) {Metamathematics, Semantics]
Tatian
(converted to Christianity, c. 150)
Taylor,
Frederick Winslow (1856-1915)
Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilitch -- Pyotr Ilyitch (1840-1893)
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
(1881-1955)
Teller,
Edward (1908-2003)
Tesla, Nicola (1856-1943)
Thales (c. 624-c. 546 B.C.)
Thoreau,
Henry David (1817-1862)
Thucydides
(c. 460 -c. 400 B.C.)
Tipler, Frank J. (b.
1947)
Titchener, Edward Bradford (1867-1927)
[Structuralism]
Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri Cl™rel de (1805-1859)
Tolstoy, Leo (1828-1910)
Toulouse-Lautrec -- Henri Marie Raymond de
Toulouse-Lautrec Monfa (1864-1901) [Post-Impressionism, Art
Nouveau]
Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1889-1975)
Trivers, Robert (b. 1943)
[Evolutionary Biologist; Sociobiologist; Reciprocal
Altruism]
Trotter, Wilfred Batten Lewis (1872™1939)
[Neurosurgery; Social Psychology, Herd Instinct]
Trudeau, Pierre
Elliott (1919-2000)
Turing, Alan Mathison (1912-1954) |
U |
|
V |
Valentinus
(c. 100-c. 160)
Van de Graaff, Robert Jemison (1901-1967)
Van Gogh, Vincent Willem (1853-1890) [Post-Impressionism,
Expressionism]
Vatsyayana (4th
to 6th centuries A.D.) [Hindu
Philosopher; Author of Kama Sutra]
Veblen,
Thorstein Bunde (1857-1929)
Vedic Sages, (c. 1200-900 B.C.)
Velázquez, Diego
-- Diego Rodriguez de Silva
y Velázquez
(1599-1660) {Realism, Impressionism]
Verdi, Giuseppe (1813-1901)
Vivaldi, Antonio Lucio (1678-1741)
Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio
Anastasio (1745-1827) [Battery]
Voltaire -- François Marie Arouet (1694-1778)
Von Neumann,
John (1903-1957) |
W |
Wagner,
Richard (1813-1883)
Washington, George (1732-1799)
Watson,
James Dewey (b. 1928)
Watson, John Broadus (1878-1958)
[Behaviorism]
Watt, James E. (1736-1819)
Weber, Max (1864-1920)
Wertheimer, Max (1880-1943)
[Gestalt Psychology]
Westinghouse, George (1846-1914)
Wheeler, John Archibald
(1911-2008) [Nuclear Fission; S-Matrix; Black Holes]
Whewell, William (1794-1866) [Inductive Sciences]
Whitehead, Alfred North (1861-1947)
Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)
Wiener, Norbert (1894-1964)
[Cybernetics]
Wigner, Eugene Paul (1902-1995)
Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick (1916-2004)
Wittgenstein, Ludwig Joseph Johan (1889-1951)
Wright, Orville (1871-1948)
Wright, Sewall Green
(1889-1988) [Genetics]
Wright, Wilbur (1867-1912)
Wundt, Wilhelm Maximilian
(1832-1920) [Structuralism] |
X |
Xenophanes,
(c. 570-c. 478 B.C.)
Xenophon (c. 428-c.
354 B.C.) |
Y |
Yukawa,
Hideki (1907-1981) |
Z |
Zedong,
Mao Tse-tung (1893-1976)
Zeno of Citium (335-263 B.C.)
Zerzan, John (b. 1943)
Zinn, Howard
(1922-2010)
Zizek,
Slavoj (b. 1949)
[Philosophy; Psychoanalysis]
Zola, Émile (1840-1902) [Naturalism] |
|